Written by Noaman Khan:
The 2024 Lok Sabha Elections stirred a mix of optimism and concern as India welcomed a new wave of leaders into Parliament. While the number of women MPs decreased slightly from 78 in 2019 to 74 in 2024, there was an overall rise in the participation of women candidates across the country over the past decade. On the contrary, the importance of the woman voter has never been more pronounced. In fact, thirty-four constituencies, including all fourteen in Uttar Pradesh and eight in Bihar, reported a higher voter turnout among women compared to men. Interestingly, states like Uttar Pradesh, Assam, and Rajasthan have witnessed a decline in the number of women contesting, highlighting a concerning trend in these regions.
Women in political leadership often bring unique perspectives and priorities to the table, focusing on issues such as education, healthcare, and women’s empowerment. Policies championed by women leaders frequently address critical social issues like maternal health, child education, and domestic violence—areas that might receive less attention otherwise. The presence of women in politics can lead to more inclusive policies and a stronger focus on these social issues, benefiting broader sections of society.
When women hold leadership positions, they also serve as role models, inspiring other women to participate in governance. This creates a ripple effect that promotes gender equality by encouraging more women to aspire to and attain political office. To give an example, initiatives like Mamata Banerjee’s Kanyashree scheme in West Bengal, which aims to improve the educational status and wellbeing of girls, showcase how female leadership can drive substantial social change.
Women leaders tend to adopt collaborative and empathetic approaches, which can result in more comprehensive and effective policymaking. The impact of women in leadership extends beyond policy changes; it reshapes societal attitudes towards women’s roles in public and professional life. This broader acceptance and encouragement of women’s participation in politics help dismantle longstanding gender barriers, paving the way for future generations of female leaders.
The increased representation of women in political leadership positions also has economic benefits. Studies have shown that countries with higher gender equality in politics tend to have more robust economic growth and development. Therefore, the contributions of women in leadership are not only transformative on a social level but also crucial for sustainable development.
Women MPs face a myriad of challenges, navigating societal stereotypes, gender biases, and the delicate balancing act of professional and personal responsibilities. It’s the eternal ballet of blending career acumen with personal finesse—an expectation seemingly exclusive to women in politics. Because, really, who else but a woman could effortlessly handle a cabinet meeting and PTA duties simultaneously? Meanwhile, her male counterpart sails through, unfazed by such demands. Who needs balance when patriarchy dictates the rules?
In India, women often confront systemic barriers rooted in patriarchal norms that cast doubt on their competence and decision-making prowess. For instance, leaders like Mamata Banerjee and Jayalalithaa have continually proven their leadership mettle amidst relentless sexist criticism and scrutiny.
While women in India have made significant strides in entering public spaces and administration, they continue to encounter formidable barriers in accessing leadership positions that align with their capabilities. Even though there has been an increase in the number of women participating in politics, bureaucracy, and corporate sectors, their ascent to top leadership roles remains disproportionately low. Structural biases, entrenched patriarchal norms, and cultural stereotypes often impede their progression beyond middle-management or junior political roles. This disparity is particularly glaring in sectors traditionally dominated by men, where women encounter glass ceilings that limit their opportunities for advancement. Despite constitutional provisions and affirmative action policies aimed at promoting gender equality, the implementation and enforcement of these measures often fall short, perpetuating systemic inequalities.
There’s also a delightful rumor mill churning among the masses claiming that women leaders are mere cardboard cutouts and stand-ins. What’s amusing is how sons and fathers are hailed as dynasts, while mothers and daughters get dubbed as proxy players in this political charade, a narrative the Hindi film industry also playfully endorses in series like Panchayat.
Myths about women’s capabilities in leadership roles persist, but the success stories of all these women leaders debunk such notions and highlight their resilience and competence. Women like Priya Saroj, who despite her young age has made significant strides in politics, and Mahua Moitra, who has faced expulsion yet returned stronger, serve as powerful examples of overcoming these deeply ingrained biases.
Despite all the fanfare, women’s representation in the Lok Sabha still lags behind. The much-touted 33% reservation bill for women in Parliament, touted as a landmark achievement in gender equality, has finally cleared its legislative hurdles. But wait for the punchline: it won’t kick in until after the national census in 2026 and the delimitation process in 2034. So, we’ve got a solid decade to ponder our bureaucratic prowess.
And here’s the cherry on top: even if the bill gathers dust for a decade, those years curiously do count towards its 15-year lifespan. So, after all the waiting and anticipation, we might only get a fleeting 5 years of actual 33% representation. As of the 2024 elections, a whopping 13% of the total parliamentarians are women—nowhere near the promised one-third mark. This absurdity only underscores the ongoing hurdles and begs for a more effective rollout of such policies.
The passage of the reservation bill was heralded as a progressive step towards gender equality, aiming to increase the presence of women in legislative roles and provide them with a platform to influence policy making. Yet, the gap between the legislation and actual representation suggests that systemic barriers continue to impede women’s full participation in politics. These barriers include deep-seated patriarchal norms, societal stereotypes, and gender biases that question women’s competence and leadership abilities.
One glaring hurdle is the nomination process in political parties, where male candidates often get the nod thanks to deeply rooted gender biases and the belief that they’re the safer bet for victory. Ironically, the numbers paint a different picture: female candidates actually have a better shot at winning elections compared to their male rivals.
Women candidates frequently receive less support, both financially and logistically, from their parties, making it harder for them to compete on an equal footing with their male counterparts. Out of the 749 candidates contesting in the 2024 general elections, only 188 were women, constituting less than 10 percent of the total fielded candidates. The Bhartiya Janta Party fielded 417 candidates, with only 68 being women, accounting for approximately 16 percent. The Congress Party fared similarly, nominating just 41 women out of 327 candidates, making up a scant 13 percent. The lack of political mentorship and networks further isolates women candidates, reducing their chances of securing party nominations and winning elections.
The underrepresentation of women in the Lok Sabha is not just a numbers issue; it has broader implications for governance and policy-making. Women’s perspectives are crucial in shaping inclusive and equitable policies, and their absence means that many issues affecting women and marginalized communities may not receive the attention they deserve.
The 2024 elections also marked a notable rise in the representation of Dalit and Muslim women, reflecting a broader trend towards inclusivity in Indian politics. This shift is crucial for addressing the specific needs and concerns of marginalized communities, ensuring that their voices are finally heard in the corridors of power. Historically, Dalit and Muslim women have faced double discrimination due to their gender and caste or religious identity, limiting their political participation and influence.
The increased representation of these women in the Lok Sabha signifies a step towards redressing these historical inequities. Leaders like Sanjana Jatav, a young Dalit woman MP, bring firsthand understanding of the socio-economic challenges faced by their communities, such as caste-based discrimination and economic deprivation. Similarly, Muslim women like Iqra Hasan highlight issues pertinent to their communities, including minority rights and social justice.
Amidst these dynamics, it’s crucial to spotlight the fresh voices and perspectives that emerged victorious in this election cycle. From seasoned politicians to newcomers, each MP brings a unique agenda and vision for their constituencies and the nation. These leaders, both prominent and lesser-known, represent a diverse spectrum of backgrounds and aspirations, promising to shape the future of Indian governance.
1. Priya Saroj:
Priya Saroj, a vibrant 25-year-old lawyer and alumna of Amity University, Noida, has made history as one of the youngest MPs ever elected to the Lok Sabha. Hailing from Uttar Pradesh’s Machhlishahr constituency, Priya is the daughter of Tufani Saroj, a respected figure who serves as a three-time MP and currently holds the position of SP MLA from Jaunpur’s Kerakat. In the political sphere, Priya joins the ranks of other young MPs like Iqra Hassan and Pushpendra Saroj, infusing fresh energy and innovative perspectives. Her agenda is driven by a commitment to address critical issues such as reforming the NEET exam system, combating paper leaks, enhancing educational standards, and bolstering infrastructure development. Priya Saroj’s ascent to Parliament symbolizes a new generation of leaders dedicated to bringing positive change to their constituencies and the nation at large. Her proactive approach and determination to tackle pressing issues underscore her potential to make a significant impact in Indian politics, championing progress and empowerment for all.
2. Iqra Choudhary:
Iqra Choudhary, a 27-year-old with a postgraduate degree in international law and politics from London’s School of Oriental and African Studies, has embarked on a bold political journey. Representing her family’s stronghold in Kairana constituency, western Uttar Pradesh, on a Samajwadi Party ticket under the INDIA Alliance, Iqra brings a fresh perspective to the political landscape. Her campaign focuses on tackling pressing issues like delayed payments to sugarcane farmers and the challenge of stray cattle in the region. Iqra is keenly aware of the complexities of caste politics and identifies herself as a “strategic feminist,” navigating within a patriarchal society with a pragmatic yet impactful approach. Iqra’s educational background and dedication to grassroots issues highlight her commitment to making a meaningful difference in her community. As she steps into the political arena, her efforts to empower women and address socio-economic challenges resonate with many, promising a thoughtful and proactive representation for the people of Kairana. Her candidacy symbolizes a new wave of young leaders ready to confront entrenched issues and drive positive change in Uttar Pradesh and beyond.
3. Mahua Moitra:
Mahua Moitra’s journey from the world of high finance to the rough-and-tumble of Indian politics is nothing short of inspiring. A former investment banker for JP Morgan Chase in New York and London, Mahua made the bold decision to leave her lucrative position as vice-president in 2009 to dive into the political arena. She has since become a two-time MP from Krishnanagar in West Bengal. Despite being expelled from Parliament in 2023, she managed to make a triumphant return, winning again from the same constituency. Known for her fiery speeches and sharp remarks, Mahua is one of the strongest women MPs in Parliament. Her primary focus is on Lakshmir Bhandar, a direct cash transfer initiative for women launched by the Mamata Banerjee administration. Women are a crucial voting bloc, and Banerjee’s schemes, particularly those aimed at women—such as Lakshmir Bhandar, Kanyashree, and Rupashree—have garnered significant support in rural Bengal. Mahua Moitra’s advocacy for these initiatives underscores her commitment to empowering women and addressing their needs.
4. Shambhavi Choudhary:
Shambhavi Choudhary is making waves as the youngest MP in the 18th Lok Sabha, representing Bihar’s Samastipur constituency. An alumna of Delhi’s Lady Shri Ram College and the Delhi School of Economics, Shambhavi is also pursuing a PhD on the low representation of women in politics. Her candidacy captured national attention when Prime Minister Narendra Modi endorsed her as the youngest Dalit candidate in the election. Her father, Ashok Choudhary, is a senior leader in the ruling Janta Dal (United) and a key minister in the Bihar cabinet. Shambhavi’s campaign focuses on enhancing connectivity and infrastructure in Samastipur, highlighting the need to improve access to remote villages. Her fresh perspective and commitment to development make her a notable new voice in Indian politics.
5. Supriya Sule:
Supriya Sule, a seasoned politician and a significant figure in Indian politics, continues to make her mark as an MP from Baramati, Maharashtra. Daughter of Sharad Pawar, the veteran leader and founder of the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP), Supriya has carved out her own identity with her dedicated work and eloquent speeches. An alumna of the University of Mumbai and University of Berkeley, California, Supriya’s educational background is impressive. She has been a consistent advocate for women’s rights, education, and rural development. Her initiatives have focused on improving the quality of education, ensuring better healthcare facilities, and empowering women in rural areas. Her efforts to enhance infrastructure, promote sustainable agriculture, and support small businesses have earned her widespread respect. As a prominent voice in Parliament, Supriya Sule continues to inspire many with her dedication and vision for a better India.
6. Kangana Ranaut:
Kangna Ranaut, renowned for her roles as an actress and filmmaker, made a significant leap into politics by contesting and winning the 2024 Lok Sabha elections from Mandi, Himachal Pradesh. Her victory was against stiff competition, defeating Congress’ Vikramaditya Singh, son of the former six-time chief minister Virbhadra Singh, and sitting Mandi MP Pratibha Singh, who also served as a minister in the state government. Born in Bhambla, Mandi district, Kangna’s journey into the world of entertainment began at just 16 when she defied her father’s wishes to pursue acting. Despite early success, Kangna faced challenges as an outsider in the industry, encountering criticism for her accent and background. Her entry into politics marks a new chapter in Kangna Ranaut’s journey, where she aims to bring her fierce determination and unconventional perspective to serve the people of Mandi. Her victory underscores a significant shift in the region’s political landscape, promising a fresh voice and approach to governance. As she transitions from the silver screen to the political arena, Kangna Ranaut’s story continues to inspire and challenge conventional norms in both cinema and public service.
7. Sanjana Jatav
Sanjana Jatav, a proud member of the Dalit community, has emerged as one of the youngest MPs in the new Lok Sabha, securing victory from Rajasthan’s Bharatpur constituency on a Congress ticket. A graduate of Maharaja Surajmal Brij University, Sanjana’s political journey has been marked by resilience and determination. In the 2023 Rajasthan Assembly elections, she narrowly missed victory, losing by a mere 409 votes to the BJP’s Ramesh Khedi. Undeterred by this setback, Sanjana channeled her energy into a spirited campaign for the Lok Sabha elections, ultimately achieving a historic win for the grand old party, which had faced disappointment in the 2019 polls. Sanjana’s priorities as an MP are deeply rooted in addressing local issues in Bharatpur, particularly tackling water scarcity, improving healthcare, and enhancing educational opportunities. She also aims to empower women by fostering skills that enable them to earn from home, thus contributing to their economic independence. Her journey exemplifies perseverance and a commitment to serving her community, promising a dedicated representation in Parliament for the aspirations and concerns of Bharatpur’s residents.
As we navigate the outcomes of the 2024 elections, it’s evident that while progress has been made, there is still a pressing need to encourage more women to participate actively in politics and ensure their meaningful representation in decision-making processes. The rise of young, dynamic leaders like Priya Saroj and Iqra Hasan, and the persistence of seasoned politicians like Supriya Sule and Mahua Moitra, offer a glimpse into a future where women’s leadership is not the exception but the norm.
The coming years will undoubtedly be pivotal as these MPs embark on their journeys to serve the people and address the challenges facing our country today. Their success stories inspire hope and signal a promising shift towards a more inclusive and equitable political landscape in India.
References for Profiles:
- “Practising strategic feminism in the hotbed of patriarchy in Uttar Pradesh” – The Hindu
- “Warriors are back: The women MPs of 18th Lok Sabha” – Times of India
- “From JP Morgan to Parliament: Mahua Moitra’s journey” – Hindustan Times
- “Shambhavi Choudhary, Lok Janashakti Party MP from Samastipur, Bihar” – The Week
- “Meet the Gen Z parliamentarians: Iqra Choudhary & Shambhavi Choudhary” – India Today
- “Shambhavi Choudhary, one of the youngest candidates who won Lok Sabha polls” – NDTV
- “Meet the MP: Iqra Munawwar Hasan” – Hindustan Times
- “About Supriya Sule” – Indian Express “Candidate information for Lok Sabha 2024” – MyNeta
- “Kangana Ranaut & Vikramaditya Singh’s campaign in Chandigarh” – Hindustan Times
- “Youngest GenZ MPs in Lok Sabha: Shambhavi Choudhary & Pushpendra Saroj” – India Today
- “Bharatpur, Rajasthan Lok Sabha MP Sanjana Jatav” – The Week
- “Meet Congress’s Sanjana Jatav, one of India’s youngest MPs” – NDTV
- ‘Will work for all, but extra push to Dalits’: First-time MP Priya Saroj on House agenda, poll victory” – Newslaundry.
